www.canstar.com.au Introduction: Building a Flat Roof A flat roof, while seemingly simple, requires careful planning and execution to ensure proper drainage and longevity. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to constructing a durable flat roof. Remember to consult local building codes and consider hiring a professional if you lack experience.
Step 1: Planning and Preparation Determine Roof Load: Calculate the load the roof needs to bear, including snow load in colder climates. Obtain Permits: Check local regulations and obtain necessary building permits. Gather Materials and Tools: You'll need lumber (joists, sheathing), roofing material (modified bitumen, EPDM, TPO), insulation, flashing, fasteners, safety equipment (harness, goggles), measuring tools, saws, drills, hammers, and a roofing torch (if using modified bitumen). Design for Drainage: Plan for a slight slope (minimum 1/4 inch per foot) towards a drain or scuppers. This is crucial for preventing water pooling.
Step 2: Framing the Roof Install Joists: Space joists according to load requirements and lumber size. Ensure proper alignment and secure them to the supporting walls with appropriate fasteners. Create the Slope: Achieve the required slope using tapered insulation or by shimming the joists. Consistent slope is paramount. Add Blocking: Install blocking between joists for added stability and to prevent twisting.
Step 3: Sheathing the Roof Deck Lay the Sheathing: Use OSB or plywood sheathing, ensuring it's rated for exterior use. Stagger the seams for strength. Fasten the Sheathing: Securely fasten the sheathing to the joists with screws or nails according to manufacturer's recommendations. Seal the Seams: Tape the seams of the sheathing with seam tape to prevent moisture infiltration.
Step 4: Installing Insulation Choose Insulation: Select the appropriate insulation type and R-value based on climate and energy efficiency goals. Options include rigid foam board, spray foam, or batt insulation. Install Insulation: Place insulation tightly between joists or over the sheathing, depending on the chosen method. Secure it properly.
Step 5: Installing the Roofing Membrane This step depends heavily on the chosen roofing material. We'll outline the basic principles, but always refer to the manufacturer's instructions. Modified Bitumen: Overlap and torch-apply the roofing membrane, ensuring a watertight seal at seams and edges. Use proper safety precautions when using a torch. EPDM: Adhere the EPDM membrane to the substrate with adhesive, carefully rolling out wrinkles and ensuring a tight bond. TPO: Similar to EPDM, TPO membranes are adhered or mechanically attached to the roof deck.
Step 6: Installing Flashing Flash Around Penetrations: Install flashing around vents, chimneys, skylights, and any other roof penetrations. This is essential to prevent leaks. Flash at Edges: Install edge flashing along the perimeter of the roof, ensuring it overlaps the roofing membrane and extends down the wall.
Step 7: Drainage and Finishing Install Drains/Scuppers: Ensure drains or scuppers are properly installed and connected to a downspout system to effectively remove water. Inspect and Seal: Thoroughly inspect the entire roof for any gaps or imperfections and seal them with appropriate sealant. Consider a Protective Coating: Applying a reflective or protective coating can extend the life of the roof and improve energy efficiency.
Conclusion: A Properly Built Flat Roof Constructing a flat roof is a challenging project, but by following these steps and taking precautions, you can create a durable and functional roof. Regular inspection and maintenance are crucial for extending its lifespan. If you are unsure about any part of the process, consult a qualified roofing professional.
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